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- 188
- à 6.5èAdverb Dependent Clauses
- ä:èUnderline the adverb dependent clauses within the sen-
- tences in the Example.
- âS:
- #êè I wrenched my arm ╕because╗ ╕I╗ ╕reached╗ ╕too╗ ╕fa╗╕r╗ ╕up╗
- #êè ╕the╗ ╕chimney╗.
-
- #êè ╕Until╗ ╕I╗ ╕know╗ ╕you╗ ╕better╗, let's not share our lunch.
- éS In a complex sentence, there is one independent clause and one
- or more dependent clauses.ïA dependent or subordinate clause is a sen-
- tence fragment as in a phrase.ïAll dependent clauses, like independent
- clauses, have a subject and a corresponding verb, but unlike independent
- clauses, they are not complete thoughts, and should not be punctuated as
- such--except as the answer to a question (as with phrases).ïDependent
- clauses rely upon the independent clause to complete the thought of a se
- ntence.
- The following is a comprehensive list of subordinating conjunctions that
- #can introduce adverb dependent clauses in a complete sentence: ╖after,
- #╖although, as, as if, as long as, as soon as, as though, because, be-
- #╖fore, even though, if in order that, provided (that), since, so that,
- #╖than, though, unless, until, when, whenever, where, whereas, wherever,
- #╖whether, ╗and ╖while.
-
- #Adverb dependent clauses answer the following questions: ╖When? Where?
- #╖How? Why? ╗and ╖Under what condition? ╗ For example, in ╖She strutted
- #╖to the theater after she met Bobbi╗, the adverb dependent clause ╖after
- #╖she met Bobbi╗ answers the question ╢╖When?ï╗In ╖Wherever he traveled,
- #╖he went first class, wherever he traveled ╗is an adverb dependent
- #clause answering the question ╖Where?ï╗In ╖They acted as if they had no
- #╖use for Malcolm, as if they had no use for Malcolm ╗is an adverb de-
- #pendent clause answering the question ╖How?ï╗In ╖Because my head hurts,
- #╖I lay down, because my head hurts ╗is an adverb dependent clause
- #answering the question ╖Why?ï╗And in ╖Even though MacDougal went to
- #╖Harvard, he made many mistakes, even though MacDougal went to Harvard
- #is an adverb dependent clause answering the question ╖Under what con-
- #╖dition?ï╗In each of ç examples of adverb dependent clauses, the
- subordinating conjunction is placed before a complete thought, making
- that complete thought incomplete or dependent upon the rest of the sen-
- tence.ïAdverb clauses normally can be placed just about anywhere in
- the complex sentence.
- 1.èWhich one of the following examples is a complex sentence?
- A)ïThe hotel was responsible for misplacing my baggage; it also
- è owed me an apology.
- B)ïBeing rejected by his classmates, Alfred lost his temper.
- C)ïWhen the posse arrived, the outlaw had changed identities with
- è the sheriff.
- D)ïå
- #üèThe complex sentence begins with the adverb clause ╢when the
- #╢posse arrived╗, modifying the verb phrase ╢had changed╗ in the indepen-
- #dent clause ╢the outlaw had changed identities with the sheriff.ïWhen╗
- is the subordinating conjunction, and the adverb dependent clause
- #answers the question ╢When?ï╗Notice that a comma normally is placed
- after introductory adverb dependent clauses.ïOne of the other examples
- #contains a simple sentence introduced by the participle phrase ╖being
- #╖rejected by his classmates ╗and ending with the independent clause ╖
- #╖Alfred lost his temper.ï╗Notice that a comma is normally placed after
- all introductory participle phrases.ïThe remaining example is a com-
- pound sentence in which a semicolon joins the two independent clauses
- #╖the hotel was responsible for misplacing my baggage ╗and ╖it also owed
- #╖me an apology.
- Ç C
- 2.èWhich one of the following examples is a complex sentence?
- A)ïTo be sure of their ranking in the games, Jerry and Toma questioned
- è the officials.
- B)ïThe penguin, after it had broken its flipper, still retained its
- è dignity.
- C)ïI'll try on ç hip boots, for the snow is over a foot deep.
- D)ïå
- #üè╢The penguin, after it had broken its flipper, still retained
- #╢╢its dignity ╗is a complex sentence.ïThe adverb dependent clause ╢af-
- #╢╢ter ╗╢it had broken its flipper ╗modifies the verb form╢ retained ╗in
- #╢╗the independent clause ╖the penguin╗ ╢still retained its dignity. ╗
- #╢After╗ subordinating conjunction introducing the adverb dependent
- #clause that answers the question ╢When?╗ïA simple sentence begins with
- #the introductory adverb infinitive phrase ╖to be sure of their ranking ╢
- #╖in the games ╗and concludes with the independent clause ╖Jerry and Tom
- #╖questioned the officials.ï╗Notice that a comma is placed after intro-
- ductory adverb infinitive phrases.ïThe remaining sentence is a compound
- #sentence in which the coordinating conjunction ╖for ╗(preceded by a
- #comma) is put between two independent clauses ╖I'll try on ç hip
- #╖boots ╗and ╖╖the snow is over a foot deep.
- Ç B
- 3.èWhich one of the following examples is a complex sentence?
-
- A)ïThe mob, stoning the blasphemer, drank hot rum.
- B)ïMoses stuttered; Aaron did most of the speaking to Pharaoh.
- C)ïIn the beginning, Joan was patient, but soon she became anxious to
- è make her move.
- D)ïå
- üèThere is no complex sentence in ç examples.ïThere is one
- #simple sentence in which the participle phrase ╖stoning the bla╖sphemer
- #separates the subject ╖mob╗ from its verb form ╖drank╗ and the direct
- #object ╖rum╗.ïThe other examples each contain one compound sentence.
- One of them is formed by inserting a semicolon between the two indepen-
- #dent clauses ╖Moses stuttered ╗and ╖Aaron did most of the speaking to
- #╖Pharaoh.ï╗The other contains the coordinating conjunction ╖but╗ pre-
- #ceded by a comma and placed between the two independent clauses ╖in the
- #╖╖beginning, Joan was patient ╗and ╖soon she became anxious to make her
- #╖move.
- Ç D
- 4.èwhich one of the following complex sentences contains an
- adverb dependent clause answering the question Why?
-
- A)ïWhen I became aware of my need for you, I was at the beach.
- B)ïShe bought the used car because it had low mileage.
- C)ïAfter the teacher had the accident, he lost his ability to reason.
- D)ïå
- #üè╢Because it had low mileage ╗is an adverb dependent clause mod-
- #ifying the verb form ╢bought╗ in the main clause ╢she bought the used
- #╢car.ïBecause ╗is a subordinating conjunction introducing the adverb
- #dependent clause that answers the question ╢Why?ï╗In another complex
- #sentence, ╖when I became aware of my need for you ╗is an adverb de-
- #pendent clause modifying the verb form ╖was╗ in the independent clause
- #╖I was at the beach.ïWhen ╗functions as a subordinating conjunction
- #in the adverb dependent clause that answers the question ╖When?
- #In the remaining complex sentence, ╖after the teacher had the accident
- #is an adverb dependent clause modifying the verb form ╖lost ╗in the
- #independent clause ╖he lost his ability to reason.ïAfter ╗is a sub-
- ordinating conjunction introducing the adverb clause that answers the
- #question ╖When?
- Ç B
- 5.èWhich one of the following complex sentences contains an
- adverb dependent clause that answers the question How?
- A)ïHe wrestled as if he didn't want to win.
- B)ïThe toy will get sucked into the current and disappear if you
- è don't hold it tightly.
- C)ïUntil he bargained with a crook, Sam had never met a dishonest man.
- D)ïå
- #üè╢╢As if he didn't want to win ╗is an adverb dependent clause
- #modifying the verb form ╢wrestled ╗in the independent clause ╢he
- #╢wrestled.ïAs if ╗is the subordinating conjunction introducing the ad-
- #verb dependent clause that answers the question ╢How? ╗In another com-
- #plex sentence, ╖if you don't hold it tightly ╗is an adverb dependent
- #clause modifying verb phrase ╖will get sucked and disappear ╗in the
- #independent clause ╖the toy will get sucked into the current and
- #╖disappear.ïIf ╗is the subordinating conjunction introducing the
- #adverb dependent clause the that answers the question ╖Under what
- #╖╗╖condition╗╖?ï╗In the remaining complex sentence, ╖until he bargained
- #╗╖with a crook ╗is an adverb dependent clause modifying the verb form
- #╖met ╗in the independent clause ╖Sam had never met a dishonest man.
- #╖Until ╗is the subordinating ╗conjunction that introduces the adverb
- #╖╗dependent clause that answers the question ╖When?
- Ç A
- 6.èWhich one of the following complex sentences contains an
- adverb dependent clause that answers the question When?
- A)ïI am located where there are many dilapidated buildings.
- B)ïMy folder will have food stains on it unless I grab it from my
- è sloppy sister.
- C)ïYour luck has changed since you inherited the business.
- D)ïå
- #üè╢Since you inherited the business ╗is an adverb dependent
- #clause modifying the verb phrase ╢has changed ╗in the independent clause
- #╢your luck has changed.ïSince ╗is the subordinating conjunction intro-
- #ducing the adverb dependent clause that answers the question ╢When?╗
- #In another complex sentence, ╖where there are many dilapidated buildings
- #is an adverb dependent clause modifying the verb phrase ╖am located ╗in
- #the independent clause ╖I am located.ïWhere ╗is a subordinating con-
- junction introducing the adverb dependent clause that answers the
- #question ╖Where?ï╗In the remaining complex sentence, ╖unless I grab it
- #╖from my sloppy sister ╗is an adverb dependent clause modifying the
- #verb phrase ╖will have╗ in the independent clause ╖the folder will have
- #╖food stains on it.ïUnless ╗is a subordinating conjunction introducing
- #a dependent adverb clause that answers the question ╖Under what cond-
- #╖tion?
- Ç C
- 7.èWhich one of the following complex sentences contains an
- adverb dependent clause that answers the question Under what condition?
- A)ïAs soon as he paid for the house, it fell apart.
- B)ïYou will prosper, provided that the bond market continues to main-
- è tain its current strength.
- C)ïThe guest was exceptionally witty before he began to gasp for air.
- D)ïå
- #üè╢Provided that the current bond market continues to maintain
- #╢its current strength ╗is an adverb dependent clause modifying the verb
- #phrase ╢will prosper╗ in the independent clause ╢you will prosper.ïPro-
- #╢vided that ╗is the subordinating conjunction in the adverb dependent
- #clause that answers the question ╢Under what condition?ï╗In another
- #complex sentence, ╖as soon as he paid for the house ╗is an adverb
- #dependent clause modifying the verb form ╖fell╗ in the independent
- #clause ╖it fell apart.ïAs soon as ╗is the subordinating conjunction
- that introduces the adverb dependent clause that answers the question
- #╖When?ï╗In the remaining complex sentence, ╖before he began to gasp for
- #╖air ╗is an adverb dependent clause modifying the predicate adjective
- #╖witty ╗in the independent clause ╖the guest was exceptionally witty.
- #╖Before ╗is a subordinating conjunction introducing the adverb dependent
- #clause that answers the question ╖When?
- Ç B
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